Legio IIII Scythica PDF Print E-mail
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Legio IIII Scythica
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[1560]
legion to Syria (Tac. ann. XV   26,  Dio LXII  22, 4: - Greek - toús te stratiótas toùs sùn aùtô [to Paetus] genoménous âllosé poi pémpsas). Also after the fall of Corbulo in 66 CE the legion remained in the province and participated with a vexillation of 2000 men in the unfortunate expedition of Cestius Gallus against Jerusalem (Joseph. bell. Iud. II 18, 9). When the other legions of the Syrian army had been pulled away from the province, partly by the Jewish war (X Fretensis and XII Fulminata in the years 67 and 69 CE), partly by unrests at the lower Danube (winter 67 / 68 CE: III Gallica), partly by the civil war (summer 69 CE: VI Ferrata), IIII Scythica for some months formed the only occupation legion in Syria; therefore its legate Pompeius Collega temporarily oversaw the business of the province governor (Joseph. bell. Iud. VII 3, 4), himself being represented in legionary command by the legion ‘s tribunus laticlavius, (Avillius??) Firmus (CIL  XI  1834).

From that time IIII Scythica permanently remained in the province Syria (listing of legions from the time of Pius   CIL  VI  3492, list of Cassius Dio LV  23, 3 under Alexander: - Greek - tétartou Schuthichòn èn Suría): since its division under Severus in the northern part of Syria Coele (Dio  LXXIX  7, 1). The place of its winter camp is not well known; but the majority of its monuments found in the province originate from the northern part.  There also the measure of Severus leads to its permanent camp, not too far from the provincial capital Antiochia, referring to the fact that in all well-known cases, in which the substitution of the provincial governor made itself necessary, this became delegated to the commander of IIII Scythica; e.g. to Iulius Severus during the Jewish war under Hadrian (Cagnat  IGR  III  174, 175), to A. Larcius Priscus perhaps in the year 162 CE (CIL  VIII  17891, Année épigr. 1908 No. 237). In addition it is correct that unusually numerous  tribuni laticlavii  are provable in the legion, evidently coming from  senatorial families intimate by relationship or close friendly relations to the high ranking Syrian governor (see Ritterling, Österreichische Jahreshefte  X 309, 18; see below the list of the legionary tribunes). The proximity of the shining capital of the east made it particularly worthwhile to fulfill the military service time in a legion as close as possible to the provincial capital for distinguished young people. The assumption, that the permanent camp of IIII Scythica had been situated at Zeugma from the end of the 1. century (von Domaszewski, Abhandlung zur römischen Religion 198, 1) can very probably be applicable; otherwise Cyrrhus would have encamped nearer to the capital, which could also be imagined for this time until the elevation of Trajan, where there had been the permanent quarters of X Fretensis in the time of Tiberius (Tac. ann. II 57; see below legion X Fretensis).

The legion’s meager monuments from Syria mention several times larger works implemented by a vexillation. In the time of Antoninus under the governor Sulpicius Iulianus, it constructed around the year 149 CE, together with a vexillation of XVI  Flavia, a channel at Seleucia Pieriae, the port place of the capital Antiochia (Année épigr. 1903 No. 252 = Dessau

 
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