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III Cyrenaica of course supported the case of Pescennius Niger during the pretender-war of 193. Whether the line “eodem tempore etiam legio Arabica defecisse ad Albinum nuntiata” (Hist. Aug. Sev. 12, 6) is true, such as Hasebroek 83f believes, although it is uncertain if the name of Albinus was added later, remains to be seen. After the defeat of Pescennius Niger, an independent province of Syria Phoenice was created in the year 194 (see Harrer Studies in the history of the Rom. province of Syria 1915, 87f). This seems to be related with the changing of the borders of the province Arabia in the West and Northwest (Rohden De Palaestina et Arabia prov. 17ff; Meyer N. Jahrb. F. klass. Philolog. 1897, 594ff). Because of this, the territory of the legion was enlarged in Batanaea, Trachonitis and Peraea with border posts from a Syrian legion. The tombstone from a legionnaire who died “ὲν τη̃ Μεσοποταμια” (= in Mesopotamia) after 23 years of service and which was buried in Bostra, dates probably from the year 115 (not 215 as Waddington suspects), which relates to the Christian year 219/ 220 (Cagnat IGR III 1329). After this, the legion probably fought in Mesopotamia during the Parthian war of Caracalla-Macrinus. The ashes of those who were killed in this war were transferred to the camp at Bostra after the delayed return of their comrades from the theatre of war. The legion also took part in the Persian war of 231ff but evidence for this is lacking. In contrast to this, the presence of the legion is attested by CIL III 94 add. p.969 (see Dio LV 23), as well as during Valerian and Gallienus (CIL III 89). One would expect a soldier from III Gallica on the Greek-Palymrian inscription from the year 251. But, the relevant legion is mentioned by the Palmyrian text as being encamped in Bostra. How this person arranged the erection of a monument remains unclear. The latest evidence of the legion is the already mentioned line in the Notitia Dign. Or. XXXVII v.21 (Praefectus legionis tertiae Cyrenaicae, Bostra).
Praefecti:
During Augustus and Tiberius, the legion, as long as it was separated with its own camp, could only have had one praefectus legionis. Such one hasn’t been attested up to now (falsely read in CIG 4922, see also 1506, 30ff).
After its unification with the second Egyptian legion in the camp at Alexandreia, probably during Tiberius, both legions stood under the combined command of the praefectus exercitus qui est in Aegypto, Greek: στρατοπεδάρχης (stratopedarchès) or στρατάρχης (stratarchès), see Mommsen CIL III p.1241.
- Unkown, in the year 38, Philo adv. Flaccum § 13
- P. Anicius P. f. Serg. Maximus, during Claudius, CIL III 6809
- Liternius Fronto, in the year 69/ 70, Joseph. Bell. Iud. VI 4, 3
- T. Suedius Clemens, in the year 79, CIL III 33; see Prosopogr. III p.277 nr.687
- Q. Licinius Ancotius Proculus, in the year 90, CIL III 13580
- Castricius Proculus, during Domitian, III 6023a
- L. Genucius, in the year 99, III 141472
After the decampment of the legion from Egypt during Hadrian, the legion must have been commanded by a legatus legionis. As she was directed immediately to the province Arabia at that time, about which there is no evidence, the legion’s legate always was identical with respectively leg. Pr. Pr. Arabia. The list is now complete in Brünnow-v. Domaszewski Provincia Arabia III 287-299.
Under the governor, an equestrian officer with the title praefectus or praefectus castrorum functioned now as ever.
Tribuni militum:
- L. Aemilius L. f. Paulus, surely in the first century, CIL II 4189
- …. Aurelianus Apellas, Bull hell. X 1886, 520 nr.20 = ebd. XIV 224ff
- L. Bovius L. f. Fal(erna) Celer, during Augustus, CIL IX 1685
- C. Caerellius Fufidius Annius Ravus C. f. Ouf. Pollittianus (laticlavius), during Severus, VI 1365, see Prosopogr. I 263 nr.124
- …..us Claudius …. Cornelianus (laticl.), Cagnat IGR III 134, see L. Claudius Proculus Cornelianus cos., CIL XIV 4239, X 7828
- [Ti. Claudius] Quir. Hera, surely during Marcus and Verus, Cagnat IGR III 230
- Ti. Claudius Ti. F. Quir. Liberalis Aebutianus, first century, CIL XIV 4239
- Ti. Claudius Ti. F. Pal. Quartinus, during Hadrian around the year 107, CIL XIII 1802; he came from Puteoli (X 1782, 1783), where he acquired the position of IIvir in an unknown year.
- Sex. Cornelius C. f. Quir. Felix Pacatus (laticl.), CIL VIII 14559
- Q. Domitius Q. f. Quir. Victor, CIL VIII 5363
- ……Fabricius….Vol. Montanus, XII 3002
- L. Flavius Novatus Victor Iunianus, IX 4855a
- Q. Granius M. f. Labeo (uncertain, maybe from another leg. III)
- C. Iulius C. f. Corn(elia) Alexander, during Traian, CIL III 7130
- Iuli…., after Traian, VIII 21037
- Ti. Iulius Ti. F. Cor. Celsus Polemaeanus, during Vespasian around the year 69/ 70, Dessau 8971
- P. Iuventius Rufus, during Augustus and Tiberius; demonstratable in the year 11 (Année épigr. Nr.207) and AD 18 (Cagnat IGR I 1236)
- L. Pinarius L. f. Gal. Natta, durng Tiberius, CIL X 1129; see Tac. Ann. IV 34
- [M. Pon[tius …. , CIL XI 3101]
- C. Popilius C. f. Quir. Pedo (laticl.), during the Jewish war of Hadrian in the year 133, CIL XIV 3610; see Prosop. III p.85 nr.623
- ….Ser(gia) Proculus, during Nero, Journ. Rom.stud. II 1912 S.99 nr.31
- M. Tarquitius T. f. Tro. Saturninus, during Tiberius before the year 26, CIL XI 3801
- C. Trebius C. f. Rom. Iunianus, certainly in the first century, CIL VI 3540
- M’. Valerius M.’ f. Quir. Bassus ) VI 2165
- M’. Valerius M.’ Quir. Saturninus )Brothers, VI 2164
- Q. Voconius…..Saxa Fidus (laticl.), during Hadrian in the year 127, Cagnat IGR III 763
- Unknown, Altert. von Pergamon VIII 2, Berlin 1895 nr.458
- Unknown (laticl.), CIL VIII 14288 (?)
Praefecti:
- L. Oranius L. f. Quir. Iustus, praef. Castror., in the year 184, CIL IX 4686
- C. Sulgius L. f. Pap. Caecilianus, praef., third century, CIL VIII 1322
Primi ordines:
- Durmius Felix, primipilaris in the year 163, CIL VIII 7050
- Fl(avius) Basilides, p.p., third century, III 141494
- Cn. Marcius Cn. F. Rustius Rufinus, primipil., certainly during Commodus, IX 1582
- M. Pompeius M. f. Ani(ensis) Asper, primop., second century, XIV 2523
- L. Petronius L. f. Pup. Sabinus Foro Brent., p.p., during Marc. Aurel., CIL XI 6055, 6655a, (IX 5898)
- T. Satrius Fuscianus, p.p., CIL III 97
Centuriones:
A. During the stay in Egypt (until Hadrian)
- …… Aquila, during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.12
- Antonius Longinus, during Traian, Wessely Schrifttafeln nr.8 v.26
- Antonius Longus, during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.35
- Caecilius….., during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.10
- …….Capito, CIL VI 3626 (= X 1774+1776)
- Cattus, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.4
- Q. Cattus Libo Nepos, CIL XIII 3592
- ……Celsus, III 6591
- [Cerellius Rufus, during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.4]
- Claudius Iulianus, Cagnat IGR I 1153
- Cotius, during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.34
- Curiatius, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.36
- Curtius, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.30
- Curtius Capito, in the year 55, Papyrus in Bull. D. Inst. Egypt. 1896, 122
- T. Egnatius Tiberinus, in the year 82/ 83, Cagnat IGR I 1138
- Fa(n)nius Subur…., during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.10
- Fava (Fabius?) Capito, during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.30
- …..Galba, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.38
- Gavisidius…., during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.17
- Iulius Iuli(anus), during Tiberius, III 12071
- C. Iulius Magnus, around the year 90, III 13580
- Iulius Saturninus, in the year 101, III 6603, (6599)
- …..Iustus, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.19
- T. Laelius T. f. Severus, III 2038
- Laelius Tiro, III 6607
- Licinius Verus, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.21
- Libursius Servandus (?), in the year 42, BGU III 802 Col. XII v.11, Col. XIV v.25
- …..Longus, during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.2
- Lucretius, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.25
- Minius, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.32
- Nonius Rufus, during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.3
- Numerius, during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.23
- [Paconius Egnati(anus ?), during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.36]
- C. Papirius Aequos, during Nero (?), CIL III 6628, see VI 932 o. S. 1508, 1
- Pomponius Severus, in the year 95, Papyr. Cat. Brit. Mus. II p.203
- Pompeius Epan…., during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.40
- Publilius……, during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.15
- Quinctius Proculus, CIL III 141383
- …..Servatus, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.8
- L. Tanicius Verus Viennae, in the year 80/ 81, III 34
- Trebonius, during Tiberius, III 6627 Col. I v.28
- Tullius Niger, during Domitian, III 6602
- Vafrius (?), Aquil(a ?), during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.22
- Vafrius (?) Aquil(a ?) minor, during Traian, Wessely nr.8 v.32
- Vedius, during Tiberius, CIL III 6627 Col. I v.6
- M. Verrius M. f. Celsus, CIL X 3734
B. After Hadrian
- P. Aelius Tertius, CIL XI 6349
- M. Aurelius Valerianus, III 121
- M. Caecilius M. f. Rufus, VI 414, 30945
- Ti. Claudius Ti. F. Ulpianus, III 6186
- Cornelius Egrilianus, III 103, certainly the same VIII 1858
- C. Domitius Alexander, Année épigr. 1895 nr.181
- Fl(avius) Aeneas, Cagnat IGR III 1321
- Q. Geminius Q. f. Sabinus, CIL VIII 825, the same VIII 12232 = 23841
- C. Iulius Germanus, III 96
- M. Iulius M. f. Maximus, Mantua, III 102
- M. Iulius Artemidorus, VI 1450
- L. Numerius L. f. Felix, II 4162
- C. Nummius C. f. Fal. Constans, during Hadrian, X 3733
- M. Petronius Fortunatus, VIII 217 Suppl. P.2353 = Dessau 2658 add. P.CLXXIX
- Sertorius Fortunatus, during Caracalla, XIII 1893
- Solemus (?), Année épigr. 1921 nr.97
- T. Varronius Maro, (centurio frumentarius), CIL III 2063
Origins of the soldiers:
A. During the stay in Egypt (until Hadrian)
- Italia: CIL X 5368 (due to the tribus Scaptia)
- Gallia: Lugudunum (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.26, 35)
- Bithynia: Nicaea (CIL 6627 Col. I v.31)
- Galatia: Amasia (CIL III 6607), Ancyra (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.9, 11, 16, 33), Gangra (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.18, CIL III 6607), Pompeiopolis (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.13), Sebastopolis (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.7), Tavium (CIL III Col. I v.5, 20, 22, CIL III 141383)
- Syria: Damascus (CIL III 6603), Sidon (CILIII 6627 Col. I v.29)
- Aegyptus: Alexandria (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.3, 24), Castra (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.39), Ptolemais (CIL III 6599)
- Cyrenaica: Paraetonium (CIL III 6627 Col. I v.37)
B. After Hadrian
- Thracia: Bessus (CIL III 104)
- Syria: Hierapolis (Année épigr. 1908 nr.258 = 1905 nr.214), Nabataeus (γένος Νάβας) (genos Nabas) (Cagnat IGR III 1257 [Palmyra Cagnat IGR III 1035?]
- The different tombstones of active and released legionnaires which were found in different parts of the province Arabia, are more or less reliable on the topic of the domestic origins of deceased.
- Africa: Carthage (Année épigr. 1904 nr.69)
Names of the legion
- Surname already since Augustus (CIL X 1685), abbreviation mostly CYR. Next to the normal form Cyrenaica, several other variants appear: Cyrenaeica (CIL VI 3626, X 5368), Cyreneica (VI 2164, 2165, VIII 7050, X 3733, XI 6055), Cyirinaeca (III 12071), Cyrenica (XII 3002), Quirenarica (III 2063). Other surnames previously not known: λεγ. τρίτη Κλαυδία (Bull. De línst. Egypt. 1896 p.122) is probably a mistake. Not rarely without surname in earlier times, leg. III: z. B. CIL III 6024, 6591, 6607, VI 3521 (leg. Tertia), X 1129, XI 3801
- Τερτιανή λεγεων, Année épigr. 1910 nr.209
- Isolated in later times: λεγ γ´ (Cagnat IGR III 1265)
- On some Greek inscriptions without legion´s number: λεγ. Κυρ(ηναϊχη) (leg. Cyrenaica), Cagnat IGR III 1141, 1167, (1257)
With the following imperial cognomes:
Leg. III Cyr. Antoniniana (CIL III 121); leg. III Cyr. Severiana (III 94 ebd. P.969)
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