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Legio II Italica
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[1469] In this time of quickly changing defensive situations, the legion was unlikely to have kept a permanent base in one of the provinces; she would rather have fought here and there among the mobilized border defense forces under the command of individual legates. The assumption of II Italica having been stationed in her first years in lower Pannonia, where a tile stamp of her has been found (CIL III 10662 -; Neue Heidelberger Jahrbücher V 114 note 6), has no firm basis. The explanation that this province had a fighting force of two legions during the Marcomannic Wars, since the governor was of consular rank, lacks evidence. All known legates of Pannonia Inferior of this time were only of praetorian rank. Rather, the legion seems to have been also under the command of Q. Antistius Adventus in his position as leg. Aug. pr. pr. at praetenturam Italiae et Alpium, which he held around 168 AD. In 170 AD, a vexillation of II Italica, together with one of III Italica, was busy erecting the wall of Salonae (CIL III 1980). When the situation changed for the better around 172 AD, the legion probably operated in the Alpine region, primarily in the eastern parts, possibly under the command of Claudius Pompeianus and Helvius Pertinax (Hist. Aug. Pert. 2, 4-6). It is still impossible to say when and where she first set up a permanent camp during her earliest period, before being garrisoned at Lauriacum (cp. Kenner, Der Römische Limes in Österreich VIII 1907 p. 211ff.). It is not totally impossible that a recently discovered large structure, which according to tile stamps, was built by II Italica (cp. the report from Logers in Österreichische Jahreshefte XIX/XX 1919 Beiblatt p. 107-134) at Lotschitz, near the important junction of Celeia, dates back to this time of warfare before 175 AD. This camp, which has almost the same dimensions as the camp at Albing (see below), covered the access from Pannonia to Emona, the gateway to Italy, and to Aquileia, the main base of the defense forces between Italy and Illyricum. This camp's position more or less resembles the military situation as it can be assumed for this phase of the Marcomannic Wars in the early 170s. Obviously, the entire structure was erected simultaneously and was occupied for only a short time. The many tile stamps and their fragments - 204 in all - are very uniform, and a large number of them show not only the legion’s name, but also the names of the soldiers who produced the tiles (Mitteilungen der kaiserlich-königlichen Zentral-Komission 1899, 215. CIL III 143692 = 5757, 2. 3a 4. 11850. 11851 a. b. c. col. 232850. Österreichische Jahreshefte XIX/XX Beiblatt p. 124-134). This was the only case here. No later than in this phase of the wars, when the legion still fought as a part of larger army groups, could Q. Herennius Silvius Maximus have served as legat(us) leg. II Italicae et alae Antoninianae (CIL IX 2213).


 
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