This page is not an in-depth examination of Roman equipment by any means. It is simply a quick overview of the main "combat" gear used by most re-enactors and this unit, followed by a small description. The descriptions have been referenced from the Legio XX Handbook as well as contemporary literary references from historical evidence.


It should be noted that our modern idea of uniformity likely did not apply to the Roman Army. Thus a variety of equipment for this time period is acceptable.

1. CASSIS (Helmet) - Depending on type and year, was made of bronze, brass or steel/iron. Certain types are not acceptable for our era, check with the commander first before ordering one!

2. CREST - Generally made from horsehair or feathers, mounted on a wooden “box”, in turn attached to the helmet via a metal crest holder, usually made out of brass, but sometimes iron.

3. FOCALE (Scarf) - A simple scarf or neckerchief worn around the neck to protect against scraping and chafing of the armour and baldric. Usually a square or rectangular piece of linen or wool, colour varied.

4. LORICA (Armour) - Four main types were used by the Roman Army at this point, Lorica Hamata, Squamata, Segmentata, and the muscled cuirass. The Segmetata is constructed of steel plates linked together by internal leather straps, and brass hinges and buckles riveted to the steel. The segmentata rovided excellent protection against slashing and piercing weapons, as well as blunt force trauma. Ask the commander to see which types are appropriate for our unit.

5. PILUM (Javelin) - Ranging in size from about 5' 1/2" to 7' in length. Composed of a hardwood shaft, with a forged iron head. These iron heads were designed to penetrate enemy sheilds, and often bent or broke on impact, preventing the enemy from throwing them back at the legions as they advanced.

6. MANICA (Segmented Armguard) - The Manica was issued to troops during the Dacian Wars as an added protective measure against the Falx, a two handed sword capable of cleaving helmets and shields alike. This armour was worn on the sword arm of the legionary, protecting him while attacking with the gladius.

7. BALTEUS (Military Belt) - Incorrectly called the “cingulum” the latter style of Balteus featured one thick belt, as opposed to earlier styles of wearing two thinner ones. It is possible that these pieces of kit were valuable personal items, and were bought according to the individual's tastes and budget. Inquire as to what characteristics of the belts are particular for our era and unit.

8. SCUTUM (Shield) - Made of 3 overlapping layers of thin wood glued together and covered with linen and animal hide. The shields eventually evolved a rawhide or brass rim, which at first was decorative, but then added to the shield's ability to defeat slashing attacks. The emblem varies from legion to legion, but generally features a coloured background, a mix of gold wings, lightning bolts, unicorn horns and tablets with legion names painted on them.